What does the Pen tool primarily do in Adobe Illustrator?

The Pen tool in Adobe Illustrator is primarily used to create paths and shapes. This tool allows users to draw both straight lines and complex curves with precision. By placing anchor points on the drawing area and manipulating the direction handles that extend from these points, users can establish the exact shape they desire, making it a critical tool for creating vector graphics.

When using the Pen tool, each click represents an anchor point, allowing for the construction of custom shapes by connecting these points. Users can also modify their drawing by adjusting the anchor points and handles, giving them fine control over the curves and angles of the paths.

This functionality sets the Pen tool apart from other options available in Illustrator. For instance, while creating raster images involves different tools and features dedicated to pixel-based graphics, the Pen tool focuses strictly on vector paths. Similarly, drawing freehand lines does not utilize the Pen tool, as it relies on a different tool that provides a more freeform method of drawing. Editing existing graphics can be accomplished through various other tools and actions in Illustrator, such as the Selection or Direct Selection tool, rather than the Pen tool itself. This makes the Pen tool fundamental for designing and defining shapes and paths efficiently in vector artwork.